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166 Mayer, Ibid, p. 6–7
167 Mayer, Ibid, p. 336
168 Mayer, Ibid, p. 350
169 Mayer, Ibid, p. 259
170 Descriptions of how Irena Sendler parented from Tilar J. Mazzeo, Irena’s Children: The Extraordinary Story of the Woman Who Saved 2,50 °Children from the Warsaw Ghetto. New York: Gallery Books, 2016.
171 Thomas Lickona, How to Raise Kind Kids: And Get Respect, Gratitude and a Happier Family in the Bargain. New York, Penguin Books, p. 69.
172 Josephson Institute Center for Youth Ethics: “2012 Report Card on the Ethics of American Youth,” Los Angeles, CA: Character Counts, 2012,
173 Rich Jarc. “The Ethics of American Youth: 2010.” Feb. 10, 2011. Josephson Institute Center for Youth Ethics, Apr. 26, 2011, http://charactercounts.org/programs/reportcard/2010/installment02_report-card_honesty-integrity.html
174 “Are today’s kids more self-centered than those of past generations?” MSNBC-Health. 26 April 26, 2011. http://health.newsvine.com/_news/2009/05/05/2779662-are-todays-kids-more-self-centered-than-those-of-past-generations
175 Justin Patchin, “School Bullying Rates Increased by 35 % from 2016 to 2019”; Cyberbullying Research Center, May 29, 2019, https://cyberbullying.org/school-bullying-rates-increase-by-35-from-2016-to-2019
176 Josephson Institute Center for Youth Ethics: “2012 Report Card on the Ethics of American Youth,” Los Angeles, CA: Character Counts, 2012,
177 “Post-Election Survey of Youth,” Human Rights Foundation, Washington, DC., www.hrc.org. 2017, https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/HRC_PostElectionSurveyofYouth.pdf
178 “American Teens Lie, Steal, Cheat at ‘Alarming’ Rates: Study.” Dec 1, 2010. Breitbart. 26 April 26, 2011. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=081201214432.rjut4n2u
179 Justin McCarthy, “About Half of Americans Say U. S. Moral Values Are ‘Poor” Gallup, June 1, 2018, https://news.gallup.com/poll/235211/half-americans-say-moral-values-poor.aspx
180 Julie Bosman, Serge F. Kovaleski and Jose A. Del Real “A College Scam Built with Swagger, and Secrets,” NYTimes, March 18, 2019.
181 Jen Doll, “The Moral Decline in the Words We Use,” The Atlantic, Aug. 24. 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/08/moral-decline-words-we-use/324319/; Pelin Kesebir and Selin Kesebir, “The Cultural Salience of Moral Character and Virtue Declined in Twentieth Century America,” (2012) Journal of Positive Psychology; https://ssrn.com/abstract=2120724
182 David Brooks, The Road to Character, (New York: Random House, 2016), p. 233.
183 Ibid, Brooks, 136
184 Ibid, Brooks, 287
185 William Damon, “The Moral Development of Children,” Scientific American, Aug. 1999.
186 Christian Smith, Kari Christoffersen, Hilary Davison and Patricia Snell Herzog, Lost in Transition: The Dark Side of Emerging Adulthood. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
187 Maurice J. Elias, “Helping Your Students Identify Their Values,” Edutopia, July 3, 2017, https://www.edutopia.org/blog/helping-your-students-identify-their-values-maurice-elias
188 MalalaYousafzai, I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World. (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2010), p. 210.
189 S. P. Oliner and P. M. Oliner, The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. (New York: Free Press, 1988), p. 164–68.
190 Malala Yousafzai with Christina Lamb I Am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and Was Shot by the Taliban. (New York: Back Bay Books, 2015), p. 7.
191 Transcript of PBS Margaret Warner’s Interview of Malala Yousafzai, “Malala Says Assassination Threats Can’t Weaken Her Cause,” Oct 11, 2013, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/malala-says-assassination-threats-cant-weaken-her-cause
192 Hailey Reissman, “Why Is My Daughter Strong? I Didn’t Clip Her Wings: Ziauddin Yousafzai at TED2014, TEDBlog, March 17, 2014, https://blog.ted.com/why-is-my-daughter-strong-because-i-didnt-clip-her-wings-ziauddin-yousafzai-at-ted2014/
193 Alamo Heights ISD “Cambridge Rocks Kindness” personal visit to the school and discussion with Diana Cashion, Cambridge Elementary Counselor.
194 Teenagers Most Influenced by Celebrities, The Telegraph, Aug. 12, 2019, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6012322/Teenagers-most-influenced-by-celebrities.html
195 Linda Lyons, “No Heroes in the Beltway,” Gallup News, July 30, 2002, https://news.gallup.com/poll/6487/heroes-beltway.aspx
196 Donald McCabe and Linda Klebe Trevino, “Honesty and Honor Codes, Academic 88, no 1 (January/February 2002): 37; Donald McCabe, “Toward a Culture of Academic Integrity,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 15 October 1999, B7; Linda Klebe Trevino and Donald McCabe, “Academic Integrity in Honor Code and Non-Honor Code Environments” Journal of Higher Education, 70 (1999): 211–35.
197 Alexander W. Astin, Lori J. Vogelgesang, Elaine K. Ikeda, Jennifer A. Yess, “How Service Learning Affects Students” (2000) Higher Education. Paper 144, http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/slcehighered/144.
198 Anne Colby & William Damon. Some Do Care: Contemporary Lives of Moral Commitment. New York: Free Press, 1992.
199 Account of the massacre and Thompson’s actions: P. Block, “The Choices Made: Lessons from My Lai on Drawing the Line,” The Seattle Times, Mar, 20, 2002. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/pacificnw/2002/0310/cover.html.
200 H. Thompson, Jr.: “Moral Courage in Combat: The My Lai Story,” A lecture by Hugh Thompson, Jr. Annapolis, MA: U. S. Naval Academy, Center for the Study of Professional Military Ethics, 2003; Trent Angers, The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story. Lafayette, LA: Acadian House Publishing, 1999.
201 “‘Youngest Inventor’ Patents Broom,” BBC News, Apr 16, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7350341.stm
202 “Alissa Chavez’s Hot Seat Alarm Aims to Prevent Child Hot Car Deaths,” CBC News, Jul 29, 2014, https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/alissa-chavez-s-hot-seat-alarm-aims-to-prevent-child-hot-car-deaths-1.2721351
203 Shay Maunz, “Inventing the Future” TIME, Feb. 3, 2020, p. 49.
204 Frank Moss, The Sorcerers and their Apprentices. New York: Crown Business, 2011.
205 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, “The Secret to Happiness,” TED 2004, https://www.ted.com/talks/mihaly_csikszentmihalyi_on_flow, M. Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. NY: HarperCollins, 2009.
206 IU New Room, Indiana University, “Latest HSSSE Results Show Familiar Theme: Bored, Disconnected Students Want More from Schools,” June 8, 2010, http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news-archive/14593.html Research by Ethan Yazzie-Mintz,»Charting the Path from Engagement to Achievement: A Report on the 2009 High School Survey of Student Engagement».
207 David Shernoff, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Barbara Schneider & Elisa Shernoff (2003). “Student Engagement in High School Classrooms from the Perspective of Flow Theory,” School Psychology Quarterly 18. 158–176. 10.1521/scpq.18.2.158.21860.
208 John Roach, “Students, Prompted by Massacre, Design Emergency Lock to Thwart Shooters,” Oct. 24, 2013, NBC News, https://www.nbcnews.com/sciencemain/students-prompted-massacre-design-emergency-lock-thwart-shooters-8C11451971
209 Hoai-Tran Bui, “D. C. Students Invent Emergency Door Lock to Stop Shooters,” NBCWashington, Oct. 29, 2013, https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/DC-Students-Invent-Emergency-Door-Lock-to-Stop-Shooters-229201391.html
210 Chase Purdy, “American School Shootings Are So Common Teens Are Inventing Tools to Stay Safe,” Quartz, Feb. 20, 2018, https://qz.com/1211304/us-school-shootings-are-so-common-teens-are-inventing-tools-to-stay-safe/
211 Frank Moss, “The Power of Creative Freedom: Lessons from the MIT Media Lab,” from the book, Innovation: Perspectives for the 21st Century, OpenMind, https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/the-power-of-creative-freedom-lessons-from-the-mit-media-lab/
212 Katie Reilly, “When Schools Get Creative,” The Science of Creativity. TIME Special Education, May 2019, p. 85.
213 Todd B. Kashdan and Paul J. Silvia, “Curiosity and Interest: The Benefits of Thriving on Novelty and Challenge,” in Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp 367–375.
214 Jenny Soffel, World Economic Forum: “What Are the 21st-Century Skills Every Student Needs?” Mar 10, 2016, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobs-students/. Accessed Jun 26, 2019.
215 Pew Research Center, “The State of American Jobs,” Oct. 6, 2016, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/
216 Darin J. Eich, “Innovation Skills for the Future: Insights from Research Reports,” Innovation Training, 2018 Retrieved Jun 19, 2019; https://www.innovationtraining.org/innovation-skills-for-the-future/ / Francesca Levy and Christopher Cannon, “The Bloomberg Job Skills Report 2016: What Recruiters Want,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2016-job-skills-report/; American Management Association (AMA) Critical Skills Survey (complex problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and team building, Dec 2010.
217 S. Hidi and D. Berndorff, “Situational Interest and Learning. In L. Hoffman, a. Krapp, K. A. Renninger, & J. Baumert (Eds.). Interest and Learning (pp. 74–90). Kiel, Germany: IPN. U. Schiefele, A. Krapp & A. Winteler. (1992). “Interest as a Predictor of Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of Research.” In K. A. Renninger, S. Hidi & A. Krapp (Eds.), The Role of Interest in Learning and Development (pp. 183–212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
218 Association for Psychological Science. «Curiosity is Critical to Academic Performance.» ScienceDaily www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111027150211.htm (accessed July 3, 2019).
219 F. D. Naylor. “A State-Trait Curiosity Inventory,” Australian Psychologist, 16, 172–183, (1981); N. Park, C. Peterson, M.E.P. Seligman (2004). “Strengths of Character and Well-Being,” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619, J. Vitterso. (2003) “Flow Versus Life satisfaction: A Projective Use of Cartoons to Illustrate the Difference Between the Evaluation Approach and the Intrinsic Motivation Approach to supjective Quality of Life,” Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 141–167.
220 S. Engel, “Children’s Need to Know: Curiosity in School,” Harvard Educational Review, 81(4), 625–645. Doi: 10.17763/haer.81.4.h054131316473115, Kashdan, T.B., Sherman, R.A., Yarbro, J., & Funder, D.C. (2013). How are curious people viewed and how do they behave in social situations? From the perspectives of self, friends, parents, and unacquainted observers. Journal of Personality, 81(2), 142–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1467–6494.2012.00796.x
221 George Land and Beth Jarman, Breaking Point and Beyond. San Francisco: Harper Business, 1993.
222 Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, “The Creativity Crisis,” Newsweek, Jul 10, 2010, https://www.newsweek.com/creativity-crisis-74665
223 100 years of research prove that rewards only result in temporary obedience: Interview with Alfie Kohn, D. J. Heiss, “Rewards Can Be as Bad as Punishments, “Redlands Daily Facts, Nov. 15, 2007.
224 Jeremy Dean, “Do Big Money Bonuses Really Increase Job Performance? PsyBlog, Archived Jun 26, 2019 https://www.spring.org.uk/2008/04/do-big-money-bonuses-really-increase.php
225 Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the «overjustification» hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28(1), 129–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0035519
226 Ruth Butler, “Task-Involving and Ego-Involving Properties of Evaluation Effects of Different Feedback Conditions on Motivational Perceptions, Interest, and Performance.” Journal of Educational Psychology 79, (1987): 474–82.
227 Butler, Ruth & Nisan, Mordecai. (1986). Effects of No Feedback, Task-Related Comments, and Grades on Intrinsic Motivation and Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology. 78. 210–216. 10.1037/0022–0663.78.3.210.
228 Alfie Kohn, Hooked on Rewards, p. 67.
229 Researchers from University of Maryland, Duke University and Johns Hopkins University find parents less strict on younger children: Raina Kelley, “Getting Away with It,” Newsweek, Apr. 30, 2008, online exclusive: http: www/newsweek.com/id/134920/output/print
230 R. Dobson, “Why First-Born Children Have Higher IQs”, The Times, Apr 11, 2008.
231 Joseph Price, economics professor at Brigham Young University, analyzed data on over 21,000 people and found our youngest is hugely shortchanged on one-on-one talking time with parents: J. Price, “Parent-Child Quality Time: Does Birth Order Matter?” Journal of Human Resources 43 (1), Winter 2008, 240–265.
232 John S. Dacey, “Discriminating Characteristics of the Families of Highly Creative Adolescents,” Journal of Creative Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162–6057.1989.tb00700.x Journal of Creative Behavior, v23 n4 p263–71 1989
233 Scott Barry Kaufman and Carolyn Gregoire, Wired to Create: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind. New York: Penguin/Random House, 2015, p. 47.
234 Baird, Benjamin, Jonathan Smallwood, Michael D. Mrazek, Julia W. Y. Kam, Michael S. Franklin, and Jonathan W. Schooler. “Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation.” Psychological Science 23, no. 10 (October 2012): 1117–22. doi:10.1177/0956797612446024.
235 Stephanie Pappas, “Busy Kids: Overscheduled Worriers Overstated,” LiveScience, Apr 10, 2011, https://www.livescience.com/13642-kids-overscheduled-extracurricular-activities.html
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