236 David McCullough, The Wright Brothers. New York: Simon & Schuster, May 3, 2016. 237 Aly Weisman, “Meet Steven Spielberg’s Parents in This Revealing ’60 Minutes’ Profile,” Business Insider, Oct. 22, 2012, https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-steven-spielbergs-parents-in-this-revealing-60-minutes-profile-2012–10 238 Nancy Carlsson-Paige, How to Raise a Grounded, Creative Child,” CNN, Jan 30, 2014, https://www.cnn.com/2014/01/30/opinion/carlsson-paige-raising-children/index.html Accessed Jun 22, 2017. 239 Myrna B. Shure and George Spivack, “Interpersonal Problem Solving As a Mediator of Behavioral Adjustment In Preschool and Kindergarten Children,” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Vol 1, Issue 1, Winter 1980, 29–44, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/019339738090060X 240 CBS News: “Sex and Drugs? Today’s Teens a ‘Cautious Generation,” June 9, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/teen-survey-sex-drugs-smoking-trends/ Archived June 30, 2019. 241 William Deresiewicz, Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Meaningful Life. New York: Free Press, p. 2. 242 Jean Twenge, iGen, Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood. New York, Atria Books, 2017. p. 154. 243 Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt, The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas are Setting Up a Generation for Failure. New York, Penguin Press, 2018, p. 48. 244 Jamaal Abdul-Alim, “Experts Tell Congress Free Speech on Campus ‘Essential,” DiverseEducation.com, Oct. 26, 2017, https://diverseeducation.com/article/103956/ 245 Adam Grant, “Kids, Would You Please Start Fighting?” The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/opinion/sunday/kids-would-you-please-start-fighting.html?_r=0 246 ARE acronym credited to Kate Shuster, Executive Director of the Middle School Public Debate Program, cited by Marge Scherer, “Teaching Students to Think!” Feb. 2008, Vol 65, No. 5 Educational Leadership, http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb08/vol65/num05/toc.aspx 247 Einstein’s childhood from Walter Isaacson, “20 Things You Need to Know About Einstein,” TIME, Apr 5, 2007, http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1936731_1936743_1936745,00.html, Walter Isaacson, His Life and Universe. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2007, John Shepler, “Einstein’s Compass,” JohnShepler.com Nov. 2018, https://www.johnshepler.com/articles/einstein.html. 248 Tom Head, “Six Interesting Musical Facts About Albert Einstein,” CMUSE, Apr. 29, 2015, https://www.cmuse.org/interesting-musical-facts-about-albert-einstein/ 249 Erik L. Westby & V. L. Dawson (1995) Creativity: Asset or Burden in the Classroom? Creativity Research Journal, 8:1, 1–10, DOI: 10.1207/s15326934crj0801_1 250 Nick Bilton, “Steve Jobs Was a Low-Tech Parent,” The New York Times, Sept 10 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/11/fashion/steve-jobs-apple-was-a-low-tech-parent.html?_r=0 Accessed Jun 22, 2019. 251 Chris Weller, “Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Raised Their Kids Tech-Free-and It Should’ve Been a Red Flag,” Business Insider, Jan 10, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/screen-time-limits-bill-gates-steve-jobs-red-flag-2017–10. Accessed Jun 22, 2019. 252 Emma Elsworthy, “Curious Children Ask 73 Questions Each Day-Many of Which Parents Can’s Answer, Says Study,” Independent, Dec. 3, 2017, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/curious-children-questions-parenting-mum-dad-google-answers-inquisitive-argos-toddlers-chad-valley-a8089821.html 253 Personal interview with Adam Al Rafey and his parents, Soha and Mohie El Rafer at the Global Educational Supplies and Solutions (GESS) conference in Dubai, February 26, 2019. 254 Research on grit all from Angela Duckworth, Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance, New York: Scribner, 2016. 255 Duckworth, p. 56. 256 Geoff Colvin, Talent Is Overrated, What Really Separates World-Class Performers from Everybody Else. New York: Penguin Books, 2008, p. 3 and p. 51. 257 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Kevin Rathunde and Samuel Whalen. Talented Teenagers: The Roots of Success & Failure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 10. 258 Greg Toppo, “Rethinking What Spurs Success,” USA TODAY, Oct. 4, 2012, 3A/ 259 Mark D. Seery, E. Alison Holman, and Roxane Cohen Silver, (2010) “Whatever Does Not Kill Us: Cumulative Lifetime Adversity, Vulnerability and Resilience,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(6), 2012–1041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021344 260 Carol S. Dweck, “The Secret to Raising Smart Kids,” Scientific American Mind, Summer 2016, 11–17. 261 Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006, 6. 262 Emphasize effort: L. S. Blackwell, C. S. Dweck, K. H. Trzesniewki, “Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention,” Child Development, Vol. 78, Issue 1, Feb. 7, 2007. 263 David Paunesku, August 2013, “Scaled-Up Social Psychology: Intervening Wisely and Broadly in Education” (Doctoral dissertation). Stanford Education, https://web.stanford.edu/~paunesku/paunesku_2013.pdf Thomas Toch and Susan Headden, “How to Motivate Students to Work Harder,” The Atlantic, Sep 3, 2014. 264 Joel N. Shurkin, Terman’s Kids: The Groundbreaking Study of How the Gifted Grow Up. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1992. 265 Joel N. Shurkin, Terman’s Kids: The Groundbreaking Study of How the Gifted Grow Up. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1992, p. 294. 266 Michael Phelps, No Limits: The Will to Succeed. NY: Free Press, 2009, p. 14. 267 Amy Morin, 13 Things Mental Strong People Don’t Do. NY: William Morrow, 2014, p. 149. 268 Ibid, Vancil, 16 269 Ibid, Vancil, 75 270 Edited by Mark Vancil, Driven from Within: Michael Jordan. NY: Atria Books, 2005, 18. 271 Ibid, Vancil, 87 272 Ibid, Jordan, 145 273 Ibid, Vancil, 126 274 Ibid, Jordan, 154 275 University of Michigan research on Asian vs. American children’s perseverance: H. W. Stevenson, and J. W. Stigler. The Learning Gap. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992. 276 Ibid, Duckworth, 241. 277 Jasmin Malik Chua, “No Kidding, One in Three Children Fear Earth Apocalypse,” Treehugger, April 20, 2009, https://www.treehugger.com/culture/no-kidding-one-in-three-children-fear-earth-apocalypse.html. Telephone survey polled a national sample of 500 American preteens: 250 boys and 250 girls. Commissioned by Habitat Heroes and conducted by Opinion Research. 278 Tamar E. Chansky, Freeing Your Child from Anxiety. New York: Harmony Books, 2014, p. 105. 279 William Stixrud and Ned Johnson, The Self-Driven Child: The Science and Sense of Giving Your Kids More Control Over Their Lives. (New York: Penguin Books, 2018) p. 2. 280 Martin Seligman, The Optimistic Child: A Revolutionary Program that Safeguards Children Against Depression & Buildings Lifelong Resilience (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995), p. 53. “If your child thinks about her failures, rejections and challenges in terms of ‘always’ and ‘never’ she has a pessimistic style.” 281 Amy Novotney, “Resilient Kids Learn Better,” American Psychological Association, Oct. 2009, Vol 40, No. 9 https://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/10/resilient 282 Sonja Haller, “Bullet-Resistant Backpack Sales on the Rise,” USA Today, Aug. 14, 2019, p. 3D. 283 Martin Seligman, The Optimistic Child, p. 98. 284 Stat from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 2018, https://adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics 285 Jean M. Twenge, “The Age of Anxiety? Birth Cohort Change in Anxiety and Neuroticism, 1952–1993,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79, no. 6 (2000): 1007–1021. 286 Pat Eaton-Robb, “Teacher Unions: Children Terrified by Active Shooter Drills,” ABC News Feb. 11, 2020, https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/teachers-unions-express-opposition-active-shooter-drills-68916676 287 Zusha Elinson, “Shooter Study Raises Doubts on Readiness,” Wall Street Journal, Nov. 14, 2019. 288 Health Day: “When Is It OK for Parents to Let Their Kids Watch Violent Movies?” June 13, 2018, https://www.health24.com/Parenting/News/when-is-it-ok-for-parents-to-let-their-kids-watch-violent-movies-20180613–3 289 George C. Patton, M. D., professor, adolescent health research, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Hilary Tindle, M.D., M.P.H., researcher, Center for Research on Health Care, division of general internal medicine, University of Pittsburgh; February 2011, Pediatrics, online, Jan. 10, 2011. 290 Interview with Michael Morgan and George Gerbner, “The Mean World Syndrome, Media Violence and the Cultivation of Fear,” Media Education Foundation, 2010, www.mediaed.org 291 NPR: “Boys and Girls Clubs of America: National ‘You Report’: By Teens, About Teens,” https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5350682 April 16, 2016. 292 Stats: National center for Education Statistics: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=719 293 Martin E. P. Seligman, The Optimistic Child: A Revolutionary Program That Safeguards Children Against Depression & Builds Lifelong Resilience. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995, p. 7. 294 Benjamin Wagner, “Mister Rogers: ‘Look for the Helpers’ in Times of Disaster,” Misters Rogers & Me, Dec. 18, 2012, http://www.misterrogersandme.com/2012/12/18/mister-rogers-quote/ 295 E. C. Chang, “Hope, Problem-Solving Ability, and Coping in a College Student Population: Some Implications for Theory and Practice,” Journal of Clinnical Psychology. 1998, Nov; 54 (7): 953–62. 296 Rich Gilman, Jameika Dooley and Dan Florell, “Relative Levels of Hope and their Relationship with Academic and Psychological Indicators Among Adolescents,” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 25, Iss. 2, Feb. 2006, https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.2.166 297 C. R. Snyder, Diane McDermott, William Cook and Michael A. Rapoff, Hope for the Journey: Helping Children Through Good Times and Bad. Clinton Corners, NY: Percheron Press/Eliot Werner Publications, 2002. 298 Ruby Bridges, Through My Eyes. NY: Scholastic Inc., 1999, p. 22. 299 Robert Coles, The Moral Life of Children. NY: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1986, p. 8. 300 Ruby Bridges, Through My Eyes. NY: Scholastic Inc., 1999, p. 56. 301 Ruby Bridges, Through My Eyes. NY: Scholastic Inc., 1999, p. 9. 302 Robert Coles, The Story of Ruby Bridges, NY: Scholastic Inc., 1995. 303 Many resilient individuals were found to rely on faith and prayer as an important source of support in times of difficulties: Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992, p. 71. 304 Ruby Bridges, Through My Eyes. NY: Scholastic Inc., 1999, p. 40–41. 305 Ruby Bridges, Through My Eyes. NY: Scholastic Inc., 1999, p. 49.